Recommended Dog Vaccinations

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Adopt or purchase a dog of any age, and the subject of dog vaccinations is bound to come up in conversation. The person you acquire the dog from is likely to give you a shot record, and your veterinarian will provide a schedule for your pooch to receive more. While it is an unpleasant task for everyone involved, canine vaccinations are necessary for the health of your pet.

How Dog Vaccinations Protect Pet Health

Just like humans, dogs are susceptible to diseases that can pass from dog to dog. Every time your dog is within even a few feet of another dog, he may be exposed to a virus that can make him severely ill or even kill him.

Dog shots should be started during puppyhood, when the dog is most susceptible to disease. Annual boosters are then needed for those vaccines that lose their effectiveness over time.

There are three basic types of canine vaccines:

Modified Live vaccines inject either whole viruses or bacteria into the dog. These viruses and bacteria have been treated to weaken them so the dog does not get sick, but builds up immunity to the disease or bacteria.    Killed vaccines use viruses and bacteria that are no longer viable and usually include a component that makes the vaccine more reactive in the dog’s system.    Subunit vaccines have become more popular in recent years and are considered safer than the other types, producing fewer side effects. These vaccines use only the needed components of the disease agent, cutting out the unnecessary components that cause the side effects.

Recommended Dog Vaccinations

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) provides a suggested schedule for canine vaccinations. However, you should always discuss dog shots with your veterinarian to make sure you are complying with local laws and vaccinating against all diseases your puppy could be at risk for.

For puppies, a combination vaccine, which usually includes adenovirus cough and hepatitis, parainfluenza, distemper, and parvovirus, should be given at six weeks, nine weeks, and between twelve and sixteen weeks. The rabies vaccine should be given at twelve weeks of age.

There are some additional canine vaccinations that your veterinarian may recommend, depending on where you live or plan to travel, or if he considers your puppy to be at high risk. These include leptospirosis, coronavirus and lyme. He may also suggest giving an additional parvovirus shot at five weeks if the puppy is considered high risk.

All adult dogs should receive boosters for the rabies vaccine, and your veterinarian may also order boosters for Leptospirosis, Coronavirus and Lyme. Rules vary from state to state on how often these boosters should be given.

If you plan to board, breed or show your dog or otherwise have it in close proximity to other dogs, the AVMA also recommends bordetella (kennel cough) and parainfluenza.

As a pet owner, it is important to educate yourself about the health and safety of your pet. You can check some of the helpful and essential online. You can [/oogle_bot_show][/google_bot_show]click this page so you will be directed to a reliable and reputable website.

Although no one enjoys shots, including your dog, canine vaccines are highly effective in reducing the risk of your pet becoming ill from certain diseases.

Orange Juice, Hba1c, And The Management Of Diabetes

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Every doctor has a few cases that become memorable. In my fourth year of medical school, I was working in a Brooklyn hospital as part of an endocrinology team. During that month I treated many people with diabetes – but one case stood out. The patient taught me valuable lessons in nutrition, orange juice consumption, calories in an orange, and the use of the HbA1c test for the management and treatment of diabetes.

My team was called up to the ICU one morning to consult on a patient that had been admitted to the hospital through the Emergency Room the night before. He came in in pretty bad shape, but the doctors in the ER were able to stabilize him and get him comfortable until the long-term care doctors could take over.

The patient was in his mid-40’s. He had a long history of pretty severe type II diabetes, mild hypertension, and more than his share of nutritional challenges. In short, he didn’t eat well, and it showed. One day, his delicate health balance snapped and he found himself in the ER. It was the job of my team to find out what went wrong and make a plan to fix it.

One of the many tests that were run on this patient is called the HbA1c. It is a test that allows a doctor to tell what the average blood sugar has been over the last 90 days. The scientific basis of the test involves glucose “sticking” to the red blood cells. The more glucose you have in your system, the more red blood cells that become “glycosylated”. Using this test, a doctor can determine what a person’s average blood sugar has been. You can’t lie about your sugar consumption.

Normal HbA1c is less than 6%. This patient was 17.9%. For those that aren’t trained in medicine, this is an absolutely insane number. By all rights, the patient should have been dead. He was only alive (barely) because that level rose slowly, allowing his system to at least partially acclimate to the insanely high amounts of sugar in his blood.

In order to help the patient, we desperately needed to find out what he was eating to cause this high level of sugar in his blood. We spend a long time talking to him about his diet. He claims to have been working with a diabetic nutritionist – making a great effort to improve his old “pizza and beer” diet that he lived on for many years.

After about an hour, we hit the jackpot. One of the things his nutritionist had told him he needed to eat more of was fruit. She’d even given him a list – things like oranges, mangos, strawberries, and such. It turns out he likes oranges. Great!, said his nutritionist.

So he began to consume oranges in a way that he liked, and seemed to him to be healthy – he drank them. He reported drinking about two gallons of orange juice every day. He thought he was doing the right thing. But he didn’t know that orange juice is very high in sugar. Very high. It almost killed him.

In the end, my team managed to stabilize him. We got him back to the nutritionist, with specific instructions to get a more detailed menu of acceptable foods. There is a lesson in this case – you can’t assume a person is going to understand all the nuances of instructions that are given to them. Even the best of intentions can go horribly wrong if the details are left out. It’s a testament to the resiliency of the human body that this patient was able to survive a dangerously high HbA1c.

How to Care for Your Dog or Cat After a Bee Sting

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Many of us don’t think about our pets ever getting stung by a bee, but it is something that does happen. There are several things that you will want to look for in order to determine if your dog has been bitten by a bee. The first thing is your dog licking or biting a certain area of their skin. In my experience, I have found that many dogs do this because the skin is irritated after a bee sting. This will cause them to start biting or licking the area. If you notice a small pimple, it could simply be that they have been stung by a bee. You will also notice that the skin is red and irritated. They may even begin to wine and whimper in pain.

 The first thing that you will want to do is put some ice on the bee sting. This will help to ease the pain of your dog . Some veterinarians will recommend that you put some ointment on the bee sting as well. IF your dog still seems irritate you may want to put some skin ointment on the dog. If your dog is known to lick than you may not want to put any cream on the dog. If the dog still seems like he is in pain or irritated you may want to call the veterinarian and ask them what to do next. They may want you to bring the dog in to check the area. In most cases a trip to the veterinarian is not really necessary.

It is always good if things can be worked out at home itself because the vets always charge high and complicate the problem much more than it truly is whenever you visit them for getting your pet checked up.

You will want to watch and make sure that your dog does not have any type of reaction to the bee sting. This does not happen often, but it can happen once in a while. You may notice that your dog is having a hard time breathing or just in extreme pain after the ice has been applied. If you notice this, a visit the veterinarian may definitely be in order.

When it comes to cats you will notice right away that something has irritated them. Cats will usually start to lick the area where they were stung. In my experience with cats they will continue to lick the area until the pain goes away. It can be a challenge to put the ice onto eh cat since they will clearly not like it. I would recommend you trying to put the ice on if you can. If the cat still seems to be irritated by the bit the next day you will need to take them to the veterinarian for them to treat the bee sting. These are just a few ideas and suggestions on how to care for your dog and cat.

Tips for Buying a Puppy at a Pet Store

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There are plenty of arguments against buying a puppy from a pet store that include: you don’t know what breed you’re really buying; purchasing a puppy at a pet store keeps puppy mills in operation; and you’ll end up with a puppy that has health problems. We’ve seen these arguments on the TV news, newspapers, and magazines. But these are the bad stories. You never hear the success stories. Bad news simply and always travels faster. With that in mind, if that little doggie in the window catches your eye, what should you do?

The first thing is to see if the staff is knowledgeable and trained well. Many of these pet shops are franchises and although franchises have rules to abide by in order to keep using the franchise name, some franchisees only stick to the basic minimum. To see where along these lines the pet store you’re looking to buy a puppy at falls, ask the staff a few questions. Some questions to ask: 1. How often does the owner come by? 2. What are the store’s regulations? 3. Does the store train its employees in the care and handling of dogs and small animals? 4. What happens to the puppies that don’t sell right away? 5. What do you do about sick puppies? If the staff can answer these questions freely and with confidence then you can feel better about the store because it’s trying to educate its staff. If the staff hesitates, doesn’t want to answer questions, or doesn’t seem knowledgeable, then think twice about buying a puppy from there. If a person will read this article, then there will be offering of the tips for the purchase. The guidelines of the purchase should be fulfilled for the purchase of the pets. The rates of the pets will be under the funds available with the person. The reading of the article will deliver effective results to the owner of the pets. 

Watch how the staff handles the puppies. When a customer asks to see a puppy, is the staff friendly and courteous? Do they gently take a puppy out of the puppy’s cage, or do they do it roughly? Watch how the staff responds to both customers and puppies. If the staff treats the customers and the puppies well then you’ll have less to worry about in regards to problems with your puppy and how the store will handle it.

Look at the cages to check for cleanliness and available water. If the pet store is truly concerned about the welfare of its puppies, then the cages will be clean and there will be water available for the puppies to drink. When a pet store takes the time to train its staff and hires diligent people, then you can feel more secure that they will stand by the puppies they sell.

Ask to see the registration papers. The puppies that pet stores sell as purebreeds should have papers indicating the breed’s lineage and breeder information. Chances are you won’t find many AKC dogs at pet stores, although some do make their way there. The other registration associations may not be ones you’ve heard of but you can check them out online. If you’re buying a puppy from a pet store then you’re probably buying it as a pet and not as show dog potential. As a pet, how much the registration papers matter is a personal choice. If you’re looking for a show dog prospect, then buy a puppy through a breeder with referrals.

Ask about the return policy and health guarantee. A good pet store will have a clearly stated return policy and a clause that allows you to have your own vet look over the puppy. Read the fine print and ask the staff about it. Again, if they are confident in their answers, you can feel more confident in purchasing a puppy from them.

And last but not least, make sure the breed matches your lifestyle. While this seems a no-brainer, many people skip this step because they fall in love quickly with a cute button-nosed fuzzy puppy. Ask the staff how large the breed gets, how active it is and how vocal it is. The staff should have the answers ready or be able to get the answers for you.

Buying a puppy from a pet store is similar to making any purchase of value. Make sure you do your homework and make an educated decision and not an impulse buy.

Keep Your Dog Safe when You Have Puppy Play Time in the Summer

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Dogs have summer vacations too and like humans they can also get overheated. When you set aside time to play with your dog during the hot summer months make sure you take steps to take care of your pooch as well as you. Here are some practical tips for having doggy activities this summer.

Keep Your Cool

Dogs pant to shed excess heat instead of sweating. Veterinarians have also determined that dogs pant to release stress as blood circulates from their mouths to their brain to keep them cool. Exercising and play time with your dog not only gets them physical exercise but also is a tension reliever for your pooch. Much in the same way play time is relaxing for humans the same can be said of your canine companion.

Two things are important for keeping your dog cool in general but especially as they’ve had lots of physical activity when it’s hot outside. Shade and cool water are the two best ways to cool off after vigorous exercise. Provide a doghouse if you have an outdoor dog or bring your pet inside if they live in the house with you. Your dog will already be thirsty so simply putting cool water in their dish will let them gravitate to the water on instinct.

It will keep his mood in check as dogs are known to create tantrums if they aren’t given food and drink on time because cool climate equates to a cool mind and what better place than his own doghouse to calm his nerves as that becomes his new house address. 

Cooler temperatures are important so the time of day in which you play with your dog may be a good idea. Instead of the afternoon, consider taking your dog for an early morning jog around six or seven in the morning when the temperature is still relatively cool. Where you live may also be important for summer activities. Northern latitudes are generally cooler and less humid so conditions may be more favorable for afternoon play in the outdoors than in places like Florida or Texas. Indoor dogs won’t nearly have these difficulties.

Cars

Never leave a pet unattended in a car if you take your pet out for the day. Even when it’s not summertime a car can heat up quickly if the sun is out. Watching for heat exhaustion and heat stroke is also important if you feel like your dog is getting overheated.

Excessive panting and a dry mouth can both be important signs that your dog needs to cool off quickly. If simply drinking cool water isn’t enough consider drenching your dog with water as a means to regulate their body temperature more quickly. Whether it’s in the bathtub, kitchen sink, or under a hose outside sometimes a cool bath is a fast remedy to being excessively hot.

This article is for informational purposes only. Consult with your veterinarian about what steps you can take to keep your dog cool in the summer time when you have an active lifestyle with your dog.